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Unique Master Citizen Number
Unique Master Citizen Number ((ボスニア語:Jedinstveni matični broj građana, JMBG), (クロアチア語:Jedinstveni matični broj građana, JMBG), (マケドニア語:Единствен матичен број на граѓанинот, ЕМБГ), (セルビア語:Јединствени матични број грађанина, JМБГ), (スロベニア語:Enotna matična številka občana, EMŠO)) was a unique identification number that was assigned to every citizen of former Yugoslav republics of the SFR Yugoslavia. Today it continues to be used in all of the countries that were created after the dissolution of Yugoslavia – Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia use it in its original form, while Croatia has started switching to a different scheme.
==History==
The JMBG was introduced on January 8, 1977〔Law on the introduction of the Unique Master Citizen Number (»Official Gazette of SFRY«, No. 58/76., reg. 840., pp 1823. & 1824.) was published on 1976-12-31. The Law reached validity on 1977-01-08. Also the Article 12 of the Law gave a five years deadline for the introduction of the Unique Master Citizen Number〕 and applied to all citizens born before then and alive at the time. All six republics passed a law on the Unique Master Citizen Number.
Although the Republic of Croatia continued to use the JMBG after the independence〔Croatian Law on JMBG from 1992 - ''Zakon o matičnom broju'' - Narodne novine 1992-9 () 〕 in 2002 the official name of the number there was changed to ''Matični broj građana'' (''Master Citizen Number''), acronym ''MBG''.〔 Changes in the Croatian Law on MBG from 2002 - ''Zakon o izmjenama i dopunama Zakona o matičnom broju'' - Narodne novine 2002-66 () 〕〔(Full text of the Croatian master citizen number law at the Croatian Ministry of Interior Affairs ) 〕 Advocates of the right to privacy argued that JMBG was a piece of personally identifiable information that needed to be protected by information privacy law, mostly because it was unique and it included the person's date of birth. When the law to that effect was passed in 2003〔(クロアチア語:Zakon o zaštiti osobnih podataka), Narodne novine 2003-103 () 〕 it was no longer possible to use JMBG on identity cards, driver's licenses and similar documents. Even though law hid ''MBG'' from personal documents, various institutions (e.g. banks, schools, insurance companies ...) continued to demand citizens to give their ''MBG'' while signing various contracts, since ''MBG'' was natural unique identifier of each citizen. Seeing flaw of hiding ''MBG'', on January 1, 2009 Croatia passed a new law〔(クロアチア語:Zakon o osobnom identifikacijskom broju), Narodne novine 2008-60 () 〕 that introduced a different unique identifier called the Personal Identification Number (Croatian: ''Osobni identifikacijski broj'', acronym ''OIB''). The OIB consists of 11 randomly chosen digits and has been assigned to all Croatian citizens, companies registered in Croatia and foreign nationals residing in Croatia.〔(OIB - Croatia )〕 Although the OIB is in use, the MBG law remains in effect, and the MBG number is still issued. It is used for data coordination among government registries. MBG no longer appears on Croatian identity cards since 2003, instead OIB does, since 2013.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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